Urban Planning Kazakhstan. City planning and Urbanization презентация

those five “stans” that were formerly Soviet republics: Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, and Uzbekistan.
Kazakhstan. From 1926 to 1989, the population of Kazakhstan increased 2.7-fold - from 6 million to 16.5 million people. From the 1950s through the 1980s, Kazakhstan’s population growth was mainly driven by natural factors.
Kazakhstan is the world's largest landlocked country, and the ninth largest in the world, with an area of 2,724,900 km². 
Kazakhstan is the dominant nation of Central Asia economically, generating 60% of the region's GDP, primarily through its oil/gas industry.

the creation of industrial areas. In 1939 the country had 28 cities and 53 urban-type settlements; by 1945 their numbers had risen to 38 and 100, respectively. The scale of urbanization continued to grow in the postwar period, resulting in 40 new cities.
By the early 1980s, the share of urban population in Karaganda, Mangyshlak and Dzhezkazgan, reached 83-89% of total population, a very high proportion compared with the rest of Central Asia.
Kazakhstan currently has 87 cities, of which two cities have national status (Almaty and Astana); 40 are oblast-level cities , including 14 oblast centers; and 45 are district-level cities. The 16 oblast centers (including Almaty and Astana) are home to 67% of Kazakhstan’s total urban population.

population up to 50,000 people.
59 cities, but only 16% of the urban population ,1.42 million people, lives in them
11.3% of the urban population lives in 11 medium-size cities, with populations from 50,000 to 150,000.
Most of Kazakhstan’s urban population resides in 17 major cities, which make up a fifth of the country’s urban centers.

Urban development in Kazakhstan.

Almaty is a beautiful city perched among the mountains in Southern Kazakhstan. Its name comes from the Kazakh word “alma” which means “apple” apple orchards have long surrounded the city. Almaty is the largest city in Kazakhstan, with a population of 1,797,431 people, about 8% of the country's total population. It served as capital of the Kazakh state in its various forms from 1929 to 1997.
From 1966 to 1971, 1,400,000 square meters of public and cooperative housing were built. Annually, around 300,000 square meters of dwellings were under construction. The Soviet government tried to diversify architectural forms to create a more varied cityscape. During this period, many schools, hospitals, cultural, and entertainment facilities were constructed, including Lenin's Palace, the Kazakhstan Hotel, and the "Medeo" sports complex.

were decreasing on this part of the Silk Road. This period was one of crucial ethnic and political transformations. The Kazakh state and nation were founded here, close to Almaty.




The project of strengthening beyond the river or at the site of Almaty in the large Kirghiz horde.
Highest approved on 7th of 1854 yr.

We can still see Bolshaya Stanitsa, Malaya Stanitsa, and Tatarskaya Sloboda, but now the city has greatly expanded to the southwest (1867 year - According to the First City Plan, the city perimeters were 2 kilometres on the south along Almatinka river, and 3 kilometres on the west, a directional trend that continues to this day).

According to the legend of the map, the some buildings are colored yellow because they were made of wood, while the rest of the blocks are painted pink because the buildings there were made of stone.

The black bits apparently represent sites of industry, such as "Kuznetsov's Vodka Factory"

to 27,000, two-thirds of whom were Russians and Ukrainians.

The points marked 16-21 show where famous military figures like Mikhail Frunze and Bagautdin Shagabutdinov lived, but D.A. Furmanov's home, number 21, is somewhere off the map. 

element of the future growth of Kazakhstan, especially in the east and southeast of the region. 
1929 year - The Russian Imperial city of Verny has been renamed Alma-Ata, and since it has become the capital of the Kazakh Soviet Socialist Republic.
1930 year - The Alma-Ata airport was opened in, opening up a direct connection from Alma-Ata to Moscow.
1936 year - the Architecture and Planning Bureau developed a plan to enhance Alma-Ata as the new cultural capital of the Kazakh SSR. The plan was based on the existing rectangular system of districts.

administrative divisions, or raiony.
With names like Lenin District, Stalin District, and Frunze District, the exact territorial units featured in the map are a thing of the past, but their predecessors live on, with eight modern-day raiony: Medeusky, Almalinsky, Bostandyksky, Auezovsky, Alatausky, Zhetisuisky, Turksibsky, and the newest, announced just this year, Nauryzbaisky. 

World War II.

After 1941, Alma-Ata became an administrative and trading center. Although it had an underdeveloped industrial base it become one of the largest industrial centers of the Soviet Union.
During 1941–1945 years - the industrial potential of the city increased significantly. Development increased during the postwar years. The population of the city grew from 104,000 in 1919 to 365,000 in 1968.
By 1967 the city had 145 enterprises, with the bulk of these being light industrial and food industries.
The main industries in Alma-Ata were: food processing (36% of gross industrial output), based largely on locally abundant fruit and vegetable raw materials, light industry (31%), and heavy industry (33%). The main products of the region were:

Moreover new and bigger districts are appeared and city extremely grown. Now the city got three times bigger. Huge blocks of apartment buildings started to spread to the west of the city, where planners decided that the risk of earthquakes was least acute.

On the right side, you can take a look for a city transport scheme, which of course was changed and developed in more modern way. 

the Medeo skating rink from catastrophic mudflows during flood season, was built in 1966. It was reinforced a number of times in the 1960s and 1970s.

of the administrative centers of Almaty and is the one of the largest social centers in Kazakhstan. The unique architecture of the complex in the Hi-tech style repeats the shape of the Zaily Alatau Mountain.

NURLY TAU was constructed as a “city inside the city”. 

To achieve such an effect, the hardened light-reflective special glass with the gray-blue color was used.

IN ALMATY

This orthodox cathedral is deservingly considered as one of the most interesting architectural monuments in Almaty. The wooden building, towering at a height of 56 meters, was constructed in the beginning of the XXth century.

Built under the guidance of engineer Andre Zenkov, without the use of a single nail, it was one of the few pre-Soviet buildings to survive the earthquakes of 1910 with nothing more than a bent spire.The cathedral has six spires made of iron, and its internal fresco was created by the artist, Nikolay Khlydov. The cathedral is in the centre of Panfilov Park, named after the 28th Panfilov Battalion, including the guardsmen of the 316th shooting division, all of whom served with distinction during the defense of Moscow in 1941/1942.

(Republic Square) Almaty, the main motive of which is the image of the Golden Man. Along with Bayterek, it is a symbol of modern Kazakhstan.

Truly unique construction, decorating the Republic square, was presented the author's creative team led by Shota Valikhanov. The majestic Golden Man, soaring into the dazzling sky of Almaty manages to tame the winged snow leopard, and thus the history of ancient Kazakh land is presented around the front of the viewer...

INDEPENDENCE MONUMENT

the heart of Almaty city.

The park was planted on 8 May, 1975 on the eve of 30th anniversary of the victory of Soviet people in the Great Patriotic War. It consists of three arrangements that complement each other.
«Oath» (left side) - is dedicated to the young fighters for Soviet power in Kazakhstan.
«Act of Bravery» - captured images of the heroes Panfilov Guardsmen, Russians, Kazakhs, Ukrainians, symbolizing the international nature of the heroic feat of Soviet people in November 1941 near Moscow.
The right track «Trumping the Glory», gives the entire memorial optimistic sound, its images represent hymn of triumphant life. the battle for Moscow.

is one of the largest mosques of Kazakhstan.
A capacity of the grand construction is up to 7 thousand visitors. The majestic building is finished by marble and the colour tiles, which was executed in the Kazakh national motives. The mosque is crowned by a blue dome a diameter of 20 meters and a height of 36 m. Height of the highest minaret is 47 metres. In 2000 the big dome was decorated with from the Koran in calligraphical execution of Turkish masters. The Architects are Bajmagambetov and Sharapiev.

district     Medeu district     Nauryzbay district     Turksib district     Jetysu district

Ethnic groups living in the city for 2010:
Kazakh: 51.06% Russian: 33.02%
Uyghur: 5.73% Korean: 1.9% Tatar: 1.82%
Ukrainian: 1.24% Others: 5.23%


Metropolitan area
The metropolitan area centred upon Almaty includes the cities and towns of Esik, Kaskelen, Talgar, and Kapchagay, and much of Enbekshikazakh, Jambyl, Ile, and Talgar districts, all of which lie within 1.5 hours travel of Almaty city.

Plan of Almaty for 2030 was developed. It is intended to create ecologically safe, secure, and socially comfortable living conditions in the city.
The main objective is to promote Almaty's image as a garden-city. It proposes continued multi-storied and single-housing development, reorganization of industrial districts or territories, improving transport infrastructure, and expanding the Almaty Metro.
Also Almaty has developed a major problem with air pollution, nowadays Almaty is the 9th most polluted city in the world.
In 1995 - particulate emissions, then mostly from the city's thermal power station, exceeded Kazakh and EU standards by over 20 times.

cities in our country there are lots of traffic jams on the street. To get somewhere as quickly as possible it is not effective to go on foot always and catching taxi is really expensive. So there are many types of transport for you as trams, subway, trolleybuses and buses. 
The bus is the main type of public transport in our city which the majority of city residents use daily. Today 160 bus routes exist in Almaty, some of them link the city with the settlements located nearby. Besides, some of the buses (approx. 800 units) were transferred to the compressed natural gas.   
The trolleybus network of Almaty city consists of 8 routes which connect the west, the east and the south of the city to railway stations "Almaty-1" and "Almaty-2". 
(On the next picture you can clearly a simple map system of bus and trolleybus network around the whole city)If you follow to this link (https://alatransit.kz/en), you can see a separate for each bus and trolleybus schemes.

of 2015. Tram infrastructure and the tracks condition are in a critical condition and demand repair.
Since 2009 Regardless of the decision on old tram tracks, the high-speed light rail tram (LRT) project has been considered in Almaty.

of Almaty city Akimat, with assistance of the PROON-GEF Project "City of Almaty Sustainable Transport" and the European Bank of Reconstruction and Development
The project includes construction of the LRT line 22.9 km long. The forecast capacity will be 77–106 thousand passengers a day. 

in the city. The first stage with total length of 8.6 km was put in operation on 1 December 2011. It includes seven stations: «Raimbek batyr», "Zhibek zholy", "Almaly", "Abai", "Baikonyr", «Auezov drama theatre» and "Alatau". On 18 April 2015 two more stations "Sairan" and "Moscow" were opened.
The Metro will expand in the future. Upon completion, the metro system is planned to total 45 kilometres in length.

lines and future metro plans.
Red line is an already working a metro line, which was launched 2010.
Green and Blue lines are currently under construction. According to the map they are planned to launch in near future.

Until the end of the year, the local budget will allocate 900 million tenge for this.

Transport interchanges appear at the intersection of the following streets: Bokeikhan and the North Ring, Prospect Ryskulov and Yemtsov Street, Al-Farabi-Remizovka and Seifullin and Zhansugurov.

Republican Contest
for the best 2003 through 2006 architectural design, “Urban Planning Ensemble” Category
Location: Almaty
Design: 2006

modern tendency of the development, the main task of Almaty is to stay and be one of the drivers of the economic growth of Kazakhstan, supplying the resident’s high standard of living. 

Almaty must be the key factor of ambitious aim’s achievement in entering of Kazakhstan in the list of 30 competitive countries of the world to 2050 years set in the strategy«Kazakhstan–2050» by Kazakhstan Republic’s President, Elbasy,(The Head of the State) Nursultan Abishevich Nazarbayev.

the process of urbanization and urban development has been a difficult for the Central Asian countries. This was due primarily to the consequences of Soviet urbanization.
Further on, most of the countries the transition period has deepened divisions between regions in terms of social and economic development, also widened the gaps between rural and urban populations at last magnified the problem of small and medium-size towns.
The solution for the urban issues will be the dynamic processes of urbanization in Kazakhstan in the medium and long term will create new opportunities for industrial and agricultural development, forming megacities of regional and interregional scope, and improving the quality of urban life.

Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific (ESCAP)“Urbanization in Central Asia: Challenges, Issues and Prospects”, Tashkent 2013
National Economy of Kazakhstan in 1983. p. 5. Quoted by Iskakov. The cities of Kazakhstan: Issues of Socioeconomic Development. Alma-Ata, Nauka, 1985 (Народное хозяйство Казахстана в 1983 г. с. 5. Цитируется по Искаков У.М. Города Казахстана: проблемы социально-экономического развития. – Алма-Ата; Наука, 1985)
Kazakhstan Statistics Agency. 2009
Websides:
http://www.kazgor.com/
http://astana.gov.kz/en/modules/material/47
https://astanatimes.com/2015/12/astana-architecture-and-city-building-management-chief-highlights-capitals-plan-for-harmonious-architectural-development/
https://www.oecd-ilibrary.org/urban-rural-and-regional-development/oecd-urban-policy-reviews-kazakhstan/governing-urbanisation-in-kazakhstan_9789264268852-7-en
http://citymaps4.tripod.com/Kazahstan/Almaty/index.html