The establishment of the phonologically relevant features презентация

relevant features.

irrelevant features do you know?
Is the system of phonemes homogeneous?

on which all phonological oppositions in the language are based.

Phonologically relevant feature of a phoneme is constant distinctive feature which distinguish this phoneme from all the other phonemes of the language. Each allophone of a certain phoneme is characterized by definite phonologically relevant features plus a number of irrelevant (or incidental) features. Phonologically irrelevent feature distinguish the allophone from all the other allophones of the phoneme.

kinds: - indispensable (they are always present at allophones), - incidental.

Relevant features make up the basis of the phonological description, while irrelevant features are redundant from the phonological point of view but still very important for the articulation of the sounds.

Phoneme : /р/ Allophones: p1 p2 p3 pi: pɔ: ʌp bilabial bilabial bilabial occlusive occlusive occlusive fortis fortis fortis aspirated aspirated non-aspirated plosive plosive non-plosive unrounded rounded unrounded

bilabial, occlusive and fortis. Aspiration,plosiveness,labialization etc.are phonolodically irrelevant features

Phonologically irrelevant does not necessarily mean useless for communication. It has already been mentioned that the aspiration /p/ helps the listener to distinguish it from /b/
(as in pride- bride, pie –buy)

principle all the phonemes are divided into vowels and consonants. The chief difference lies in the fact that vowels have only voice while consonants have voice and noise combined. The difference on the articulatory level lies on the absence or presence of obstruction that is the case of consonants various obstruction are made. In case of vowels there is no obstruction.

organ (labial, bilabial, labio-dental/lingual/glottal)
- the force of articulation, work of local cords (lenis)
Irrelevant
- two foci
- the shape of narrow (oral, nasal, lateral articulation)
- place of obstruction
- presense or absense of voice
- aspiration
- palatalisation

voice

Manner of articulation
1.Occlusive
1.1.noise
1.1.1.plosives [b],[d],[g]; [p],[t],[k]
1.1.2.affricates [ʤ], [ʧ]
1.2.sonorants [m], [n], [ŋ]
2.Constrictive
2.1.noise [f],[v],[s],[z],[θ],[ð],[ʃ],[ʒ],[h]
2.2.sonorants
2.2.1.lateral [l]
2.2.2.medial [w],[r],[j]

[t],[d],[s],[z],[n],[l]
2.1.3.post-alveolar [r]
2.1.4.palate-alveolar [ʃ],[ʒ],[ʤ], [ʧ]
2.2.medialingual [j]
2.3. backlingual [k],[g],[ŋ]
3.Glottal [h]
And so on.

Vowels In the system of English vowels the only relevant feature is distinctions in their quality ,which are based on the slight differences in the tongue positions when producing these vowels. thus, the opposition /i: - i/ is based on the following phonologically relevant features: high- narrow vs. high- broad , fully-front vs. front- retracted.