New English презентация

Dialect in the 15th Century
The formation of a national language was mostly caused by
the Wars of the Roses (1455—1485)
the introduction of printing
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Caxton
http://www.uni-duisburg-essen.de/SHE/HE_DialectsModernEnglish.htm

Gill. Logonomia Anglica
1685 Christopher Cooper. Grammatica Anglicana
1724 William Baker. Rules for True Spelling and Writing English
1755 Dr. Samuel Johnson. A Dictionary of the English Language

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/British_Empire

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mixed_language

Renaissance Period
Latinization of French Words
Greek Words
Borrowing of Colonial and French Words in the 17th Century

system in New English were great and numerous.
Vowels — Qualitative changes:
1. Disappearance of vowels in the unstressed position at the end of the word.
2. Changes of all long vowels — the Great Vowel Shift.
3. Changes of two short vowels: [a] > [æ] or [o] and [u] >[ʌ].
Vowels — Quantitative changes:
4. Changes of two diphthongs: [ai] > [ei], [au] > [o:].
5. Lengthening of vowels before [r] — due to the vocalization of consonants.
Consonants:
6. Appearance of the consonant [3] and the consonants [ʧ]>[d3] in new positions.
7. Disappearance or vocalization of the consonant [r].
8. Voicing of consonants — Verner's Law in New English.
9. Positional disappearance:
r vocalized at the end of the word: far
w before r write
к before n knight
h before t light

in Middle English to the vowel of the [ə] type are dropped in New English if they are found in the endings of words

English (15-17 century) underwent a change that is called The Great Vowel Shift. Due to this change the vowels became more narrow and more front.

became more narrow and gave diphthongs of the [uw] or [ij] type. But those diphthongs were unstable because of similarity between the glide and nucleus.
Consequently the process of the dissimilation of the elements [ī] and [ū] gave us the diphthongs [ai] and [au], respectively.

long vowel was followed in a word by the consonant "r" the given consonant did not prevent the Great Vowel Shift, but the resulting vowel is more open, than the resulting vowel in such cases when the long vowel undergoing the Shift was followed by a consonant other than "r".

Vowel Shift new sounds did not appear, but the already existing sounds appeared under new conditions.

the monophthong [a] becoming [æ] and
the monophthong [u] becoming [ʌ].

preceding sound. When the sound [a] was preceded by [w] it changed into [o].





Where the sound [u] was preceded by the consonants [p], [b] or [f], the change of [u] into [ʌ] generally did not take place
bull, butcher, pull, push, full, etc.

changed in New English, the diphthong [ai] becoming [ei] and the diphthong [au] contracted to [o:] For example:

after the disappearance of the given consonant at the end of the word or before another consonant

the resulting vowel was different from the initial vowel not only in quantity but also in quality. Compare:

her
fir [ə:]
fur

or [h] before [t]: might, night, light.

phonemes — [3] and the development of the consonants [d3] and [ʧ] from palatal consonants. Thus Middle English [sj], [zj], [tj], [dj] gave in New English the sounds [ſ], [3], [ʧ], [d3].

before another consonant, the most important change of the kind affecting the consonant [r]:
farm, form, horse, etc.
3. The fricative consonants [s], [Ө] and [f] were voiced after unstressed vowels or in words having no sentence stress — the so-called "Verner's Law in New English":
possess, observe, exhibition; dogs, cats; the, this, that, there, then, though, etc.

2. Certain consonants disappeared at the end of the word or before another consonant, the most important change of the kind affecting the consonant [r]:
farm, form, horse, etc.
3. The fricative consonants [s], [Ө] and [f] were voiced after unstressed vowels or in words having no sentence stress — the so-called "Verner's Law in New English":
possess, observe, exhibition; dogs, cats; the, this, that, there, then, though, etc.