Modal Verbs презентация

Modals used as auxiliary verb (e.g. I can go) do not show tense or subject agreement (e.g. He can go - not He cans go)

Слайд 1Modals
can - could

will - would

may - might -

must

shall - should

Слайд 2Modals
used as auxiliary verb (e.g. I can go)

do not

show tense or subject agreement (e.g. He can go - not
He cans go)

before the negative particle in not negation (e.g. I cannot go)

before the subject in yes-no questions (e.g. Can you go?)

take the bare infinitive verb as the main verb in a verb phrase
(e.g. He can go - not He can to go or He can went)

• express stance meanings (see next slides)

Слайд 3Time Differences with Modals
Modals referring to present and future time:

can

may
shall
will

Modals that can refer to past time:

could
might
should
would

* Note that each present/ future modal has a corresponding
past modal

Слайд 4Stance meanings of Modals
Permission/ ability:
can
could
may
might

Meanings
Personal meaning -

permission or possibility, ability
Logical meaning - possibility

Слайд 5Stance meanings of Modals
Obligation/ necessity:
must
should
have (got) to
need

to
be supposed to

Meanings
Personal meaning - obligation
Logical meaning - necessity

Слайд 6Stance meanings of Modals
Volition/ prediction:
will
would
shall

Meanings
Personal meaning - volition

or intention
Logical meaning - prediction

Слайд 7Frequency of Modals in Academic Writing
can

may

will

would

should

must

could

might

have to

shall

The most frequent modals in
academic writing are can, may,
and will.


Would, should, must, could, and
might are used but infrequently.



The most infrequent modals in
academic writing are have to and
shall. Shall is extremely infrequent.


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