must
shall - should
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Modal Verbs презентация
Содержание
- 1. Modal Verbs
- 2. Modals used as auxiliary verb (e.g.
- 3. Time Differences with Modals Modals referring to
- 4. Stance meanings of Modals Permission/ ability:
- 5. Stance meanings of Modals Obligation/ necessity:
- 6. Stance meanings of Modals Volition/ prediction:
- 7. Frequency of Modals in Academic Writing
Modals used as auxiliary verb (e.g. I can go) do not show tense or subject agreement (e.g. He can go - not He cans go)
Слайд 2Modals
used as auxiliary verb (e.g. I can go)
do not
show tense or subject agreement (e.g. He can go - not
He cans go)
before the negative particle in not negation (e.g. I cannot go)
before the subject in yes-no questions (e.g. Can you go?)
take the bare infinitive verb as the main verb in a verb phrase
(e.g. He can go - not He can to go or He can went)
• express stance meanings (see next slides)
He cans go)
before the negative particle in not negation (e.g. I cannot go)
before the subject in yes-no questions (e.g. Can you go?)
take the bare infinitive verb as the main verb in a verb phrase
(e.g. He can go - not He can to go or He can went)
• express stance meanings (see next slides)
Слайд 3Time Differences with Modals
Modals referring to present and future time:
can
may
shall
will
Modals that can refer to past time:
could
might
should
would
* Note that each present/ future modal has a corresponding
past modal
shall
will
Modals that can refer to past time:
could
might
should
would
* Note that each present/ future modal has a corresponding
past modal
Слайд 4Stance meanings of Modals
Permission/ ability:
can
could
may
might
Meanings
Personal meaning -
permission or possibility, ability
Logical meaning - possibility
Logical meaning - possibility
Слайд 5Stance meanings of Modals
Obligation/ necessity:
must
should
have (got) to
need
to
be supposed to
Meanings
Personal meaning - obligation
Logical meaning - necessity
be supposed to
Meanings
Personal meaning - obligation
Logical meaning - necessity
Слайд 6Stance meanings of Modals
Volition/ prediction:
will
would
shall
Meanings
Personal meaning - volition
or intention
Logical meaning - prediction
Logical meaning - prediction
Слайд 7Frequency of Modals in Academic Writing
can
may
will
would
should
must
could
might
have to
shall
could
might
have to
shall
The most frequent modals in
academic writing are can, may,
and will.
Would, should, must, could, and
might are used but infrequently.
The most infrequent modals in
academic writing are have to and
shall. Shall is extremely infrequent.
