Lexico-syntactical. Definitions and examples. Словарь терминов по стилистике английского языка презентация

И.Р., Арнольд И.В.

combination (clause, sentence) is logically more important or emotionally stronger and more explicit

the first one and is further strengthened by an intensifier
is based on the relative emotional tension produced by words with emotive meaning

immensely better. (W.Deeping)
e.g. I have been so unhappy here, so very very unhappy. (Dickens)

Examples:

of emotion or quantity (size, dimensions) is gradually rising step by step
e.g. Better to borrow, better to beg, better to die! (Dickens)
e.g. For that one instant there was no one else in the room, in the house, in the world, besides themselves. (M.Wilson)

concepts
e.g. They looked at hundreds of houses; they climbed thousands of stairs; they inspected innumerable kitchens. (S.Maugham)
e.g. Little by little, bit by bit, and day by day, and year by year the baron got the worst of some disputed question. (Dickens)

which defeats expectations of the reader and ends in complete semantic reversal of the emphasised idea
Eg.Women have a wonderful instinct about things. They can discover everything except the obvious. (Wilde)
. He was uncon’solable - for an afternoon

different classes on the grounds of similarity of some quality. Used to make a description more emphatic or vivid (e.g. as brave as a lion).
two semantic poles of the simile can be connected by one of the following link words: “like”, “as”, “as though”, “as if”, “as like”, “such as”, “as ... as”, etc.

rock in a torrent. (J.Reed)
e.g. His muscles are hard as rock. (T.Capote)
e.g. Maidens, like moths, are ever caught by glare. (Byron)
But:The boy seems to be as clever as his mother. – logical comparison (the same class of objects)

stock of language phraseology. Most of trite similes have the foundation mentioned and conjunctions "as", "as...as" used as connectives. Cf.: "as brisk as a bee", "as strong as a horse", "as live as a bird"
Similes in which the link is expressed by notional verbs such as "to resemble", "to seem", "to recollect", "to remember", "to look like", "to appear", etc. are called disguised, because the realization of the comparison is somewhat suspended, as the likeness between the objects seems less evident. Eg:"His strangely taut, full-width grin made his large teeth resemble a dazzling miniature piano keyboard in the green light."

constructions: the negation plus noun or adjective serves to establish a positive feature in a person or thing. Expresses politeness or irony. Litotes intensifies the emotion intended by the writer and moderately conveys the feelings.

e.g.Her face isn't a bad one.
e.g. Soames, with his lips and his squared chin was not unlike a bull dog. (Galsworthy)
'Indeed, it is not uncommon for slaves even to fall out and quarrel among themselves about the relative goodness of their masters .

person)
The idea was not totally erroneous. The thought did not displease me. (I.Murdoch)
He is no coward.- Не is a brave man.
It was not unnatural if Gilbert felt a certain embarrassment. (E.Waugh)

which are semantically opposite to each other
- is to stress the heterogenity of the described phenomenon, to show that the latter is a dialectical unity of two (or more) opposing features
- basic functions: rhythm-forming copulative; dissevering; comparative
often signalled by the introductory connective but, when so, the other structural signal, the parallel arrangement, may not be evident, it may be unnecessary;

innocent in what is evil.
Some people have much to live on, and little to live for. (Wilde)
If we don’t know who gains by his death we do know who loses by it. (A.Christie)
In marriage the upkeep of woman is often the downfall of man. (S.Evans)
Don’t use big words. They mean so little. (Wilde)
Man proposes, God disposes.
Money is the root of all evils: poverty is the fruit of all goodness

a simpler one
b) using a more or less complicated syntactical structure instead of a word
e.g. The lamp-lighter made his nightly failure in attempting to brighten up the street with gas. [= lit the street lamps] (Dickens)

to convey a purely individual perception of the described object
e.g. The hospital was crowded with the surgically interesting products of the fighting in Africa. [=wounded] (I.Shaw)

because the direct nomination of the not too elegant feature of appearance was substituted by a roundabout description

e.g. I am thinking an unmentionable thing about your mother.

word or expression by a conventionally more acceptable one e.g. to lie = to possess a vivid imagination, to tell stories;
e.g. to die = to pass away, to expire, to be no more, to depart, to join the majority