Charles Darwin
(1809 – 1882)
Why were Darwin’s early ideas ridiculed?
Why is evolution still such a contentious issue?
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Evidence for Evolution презентация
Содержание
- 1. Evidence for Evolution
- 2. EVOLUTION OF BIRDS EVOLUTION OF HORSES 5.1 EVIDENCE FOR EVOLUTION
- 3. THE THEORY OF EVOLUTION 5.1
- 4. WE SHOULD THANK ALFRED WALLACE…
- 5. ANALYSING THE EVIDENCE 5.1 EVIDENCE FOR EVOLUTION
- 6. FOSSILS Rocks are deposited in
- 7. 5.1 EVIDENCE FOR EVOLUTION FOSSILS Bacteria
- 8. FOSSILS Sequences of fossils found linking
- 9. 2. SELECTIVE BREEDING Artificial selection
- 10. 2. SELECTIVE BREEDING 5.1 EVIDENCE FOR
- 11. 3. HOMOLOGOUS STRUCTURES Structures that: Look
- 12. 3. HOMOLOGOUS STRUCTURES Pentadactyl Limb
- 13. 3. HOMOLOGOUS STRUCTURES Vestigial organs
- 14. 3. HOMOLOGOUS STRUCTURES Analogous Structures
- 15. 4. BIOGEOGRAPHIC Speciation 2 populations
- 16. 5.1 EVIDENCE FOR EVOLUTION
- 17. 4. BIOGEOGRAPHIC Endemic Species Only
- 18. 4. BIOGEOGRAPHIC Gradual Divergence Should
EVOLUTION OF BIRDS EVOLUTION OF HORSES 5.1 EVIDENCE FOR EVOLUTION
Слайд 1WHAT IS EVOLUTION?
5.1 EVIDENCE FOR EVOLUTION
“The change in the heritable characteristics
of a population over time”
Слайд 3THE THEORY OF EVOLUTION
5.1 EVIDENCE FOR EVOLUTION
“First” proposed by Charles Darwin.
Based
on data collected from 1831-1836 as a naturalist on HMS Beagle.
Darwin did not publish his theory, fearing hostile reactions.
Слайд 4WE SHOULD THANK ALFRED WALLACE…
5.1 EVIDENCE FOR EVOLUTION
In 1858 Wallace sent
Darwin a letter outlining his theory on evolution.
Darwin was surprised that Wallace’s basic arguments were the same as his.
Spurred Darwin to publish his theory in his book in 1859
The theory should really be referred to as the Darwin-Wallace Theory!
Darwin was surprised that Wallace’s basic arguments were the same as his.
Spurred Darwin to publish his theory in his book in 1859
The theory should really be referred to as the Darwin-Wallace Theory!
Video biography of Wallace and Darwin
Слайд 5ANALYSING THE EVIDENCE
5.1 EVIDENCE FOR EVOLUTION
Most biologists accept the theory of
evolution based on evidence from:
Fossils ? sequence of preserved organisms matches expectations. Patterns can be seen.
Selective Breeding ? artificial selection can occur
Homologous Structures ? similar structures derived from a common ancestor that may now serve different functions
Patterns of Variation ? examples of gradual divergence across a geographical range
Fossils ? sequence of preserved organisms matches expectations. Patterns can be seen.
Selective Breeding ? artificial selection can occur
Homologous Structures ? similar structures derived from a common ancestor that may now serve different functions
Patterns of Variation ? examples of gradual divergence across a geographical range
Ross & Phoebe debate evolution
Слайд 6FOSSILS
Rocks are deposited in
layers ? older rocks
lower down
Older fossils
found
lower down
Now supported by radioisotope dating
Sequence of fossils matches expectation
Now supported by radioisotope dating
Sequence of fossils matches expectation
5.1 EVIDENCE FOR EVOLUTION
Слайд 75.1 EVIDENCE FOR EVOLUTION
FOSSILS
Bacteria ? Algae ? Fungi ? Worms ?
Fish ? Amphibians ? Reptiles ? Birds ? Mammals
Ecology ? Plant fossils appear before animals; Plants on land appear before animals on land
Ecology ? Plant fossils appear before animals; Plants on land appear before animals on land
Слайд 8FOSSILS
Sequences of fossils found linking together current species with likely ancestors
5.1
EVIDENCE FOR EVOLUTION
Слайд 92. SELECTIVE BREEDING
Artificial selection
Repeatedly select & breed individuals
with desired characteristics
Produced
breeds often very different
to the wild species
Short amount of time
+ Selection can cause evolution
- Doesn’t prove evolution occurs naturally
Short amount of time
+ Selection can cause evolution
- Doesn’t prove evolution occurs naturally
5.1 EVIDENCE FOR EVOLUTION
Слайд 113. HOMOLOGOUS STRUCTURES
Structures that:
Look different
Perform different functions
But have the same origin
? an evolutionary ancestor
They have changed due to adaptive radiation
Makes them specialised for a specific function
Example of divergent evolution
They have changed due to adaptive radiation
Makes them specialised for a specific function
Example of divergent evolution
5.1 EVIDENCE FOR EVOLUTION
Слайд 123. HOMOLOGOUS STRUCTURES
Pentadactyl Limb
Same arrangement of bones
Look different as they
serve different functions
5.1 EVIDENCE FOR EVOLUTION
Worksheet
Activity
Слайд 133. HOMOLOGOUS STRUCTURES
Vestigial organs
Reduced structures that serve no function
Difficult to explain
without evolution
Evolution = structures that no longer have a function so are being gradually lost
Evolution = structures that no longer have a function so are being gradually lost
5.1 EVIDENCE FOR EVOLUTION
Слайд 143. HOMOLOGOUS STRUCTURES
Analogous Structures
Similarities in structure
Different origins/ancestors
Become similar as they
perform
similar functions
Convergent evolution
Convergent evolution
5.1 EVIDENCE FOR EVOLUTION
Слайд 154. BIOGEOGRAPHIC
Speciation
2 populations become separated
Cannot interbreed
Natural selection acts differently
Characteristics diverge
After time
look recognizably different
If populations merge again may not be able to interbreed
They have evolved into separate species
If populations merge again may not be able to interbreed
They have evolved into separate species
5.1 EVIDENCE FOR EVOLUTION
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Egl-Bcbu5Ow
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tRc9DawVHaU
Слайд 174. BIOGEOGRAPHIC
Endemic Species
Only found in one geographical location
Common on islands
Mainland species
migrates
Then diverges (e.g. lava lizard on Galapagos Islands)
Then diverges (e.g. lava lizard on Galapagos Islands)
5.1 EVIDENCE FOR EVOLUTION
Слайд 184. BIOGEOGRAPHIC
Gradual Divergence
Should see examples of all stages of divergence
Makes classification
difficult
Refutes belief that species were created as distinct types incapable of change
Instead suggests evolution
Refutes belief that species were created as distinct types incapable of change
Instead suggests evolution
5.1 EVIDENCE FOR EVOLUTION
