Conjunctions. Table of Contents презентация

Conjunctions…………….....slides 5-13
Coordinating Conjunctions
Subordinate Conjunctions
Correlative Conjunctions
Conjunctive Adverbs

Quiz and Answers…………………....slide 14-15

! !

but

or

yet

so

until

where

if

Let us take a closer look . . .

unless

words that are used to join (conjoin) parts of sentences. Also, conjunctions may be used to begin certain sentences.

There are two different types of conjunctions:
coordinating conjunctions and subordinating conjunctions.

Conjunctions sometimes work in pairs and are called correlative conjunctions.

Conjunctive adverbs are also frequently used to provide logical connections in sentences.

small, made up of three or fewer letters.

When to Use Each Coordinating Conjunction:

Reason Coordinating Conjunction

To communicate addition and
To communicate contrast but, yet
To communicate a result/effect so
To communicate a reason/cause for
To communicate a choice or
To communicate a negative choice nor

Use them between two independent clauses.

( And joins two words.)

Ex. The shoes were not blue suede nor black leather. (Nor joins two phrases.)

Ex. It wasn’t a costume party, yet many came dressed as literary villains. (Yet joins two independent clauses.)

Coordinating Conjunctions cont….
Coordinating conjunctions are used to join words, phrases, and independent clauses.


Examples of coordinating conjunctions in sentences:

serve an important function.

When to Use Each Coordinating Conjunction:

Reason Coordinating Conjunction

To communicate additional consequently
information furthermore
however
indeed
moreover
nevertheless
then
therefore
Use them between two independent clauses.

white socks. ( Consequently joins two independent clauses.)

Ex. The shoes were not suede; however, they were leather. (However joins two independent clauses.)

Ex. It was not a Halloween party; nevertheless, many came dressed in costumes. (nevertheless joins two independent clauses.)

Coordinating Conjunctions cont….
These coordinating conjunctions are used to join independent clauses.
Examples of coordinating conjunctions in sentences:

Regarding time after, before, once, since, until, when, whenever, while
To communicate a reason/cause as, because, since
To communicate a result/effect in order that, so, so that, that
To communicate a condition if, even if, unless
To communicate contrast although, even though, though, whereas
Regarding location where, wherever
Regarding a choice than, whether

These conjunctions are used to express relationships between a dependent and an independent clause.

dependent clause begins or interrupts the sentence, then it is separated from the independent clause by a comma.

Examples of subordinate conjunctions in sentences:
Ex. Once she found the perfect broach, she purchased three outfits to match it. (Once demonstrates a time context. A comma is used because the conjunction begins the sentence.)
Ex. He wore the top hat wherever he went. (Wherever demonstrates a location context. Though wherever begins the dependent clause, no comma is used because it does not begin the sentence or interrupt the sentence.)

sentences together.

Common Correlative Conjunctions and Examples:
both, and Ex. Both maroon and gray accent nicely.
either, or Ex. I like to wear either pants or capris.
neither, nor Ex. Neither the shirt nor the jacket fit.
not only, but (also) Ex. Not only one button fell off, but all of them.
whether, or Ex. Whether or not you wear nice clothes, you have to wear clothes.
not, so much as Ex. It was not that his clothes were flamboyant so much as they were florid.

the meaning of words.

When to Use Common Conjunctive Adverbs:

Reason Conjunctive Adverb

To communicate addition also, furthermore, besides
To communicate contrast however, still, nevertheless, instead, otherwise
To communicate comparison similarly, likewise
To introduce a result/summary therefore, thus, consequently, accordingly, hence, then
To indicate time next, then, meanwhile, finally
To communicate emphasis indeed, certainly

heels are not a fad; they are classic! (Furthermore communicates an additional statement and is followed by a comma.)
Ex. His crimson cape caught on the skyscraper; therefore, his flying ended abruptly. (Therefore communicates a result and is preceded by a semicolon because it is in the middle of the sentence.)

Conjunctive adverbs can appear anywhere in a sentence. They should be followed by a comma and, when in the middle of a sentence, preceded by a semicolon.